APA style: in-text citations

Analysis of in-text citations in a piece of writing

According to APA (American Psychological Association) style (APA, 2010), there are three types of in- text citations: paraphrases, direct quote and block quotations. This paper will analyse the use of these three resources of avoiding plagiarism in the article “Developing Voice by Composing Haiku: A Social-Expressivist Approach for Teaching Haiku Writing in EFL Contexts” (Iida, 2010)

In this article, block quotations are not included. The author used direct quotes and paraphrasing. Direct quotes requirements are “to include the author, year of publication, and the page number for the reference (preceded by "p.")” (Prudue Owl, In-text citations: The basics, Short Quotations, para 1).  In Iida (2010)  no page number is found at the end of the quotes.

As regards paraphrase quotes, most of them are introduced by the same signal phrase “according to”. Paraphrase quotes are characterized by the name of the author, a comma and the year of publication. In this case, the quotes illustrated do not show a comma for separating author and year of publication. Number page is not displayed in most of the quotes, but “APA guidelines encourage you to also provide the page number (although it is not required.)” (Prudue Owl, In-text citations: The basics, Summary or paraphrase, para 1).   “For three, four or five authors, cite all authors in the first instance, thereafter, only first author followed by "et al." (not underlined and with no stop after "et") and the year of publication” (University of Southern Quensland, n.d Paraphrasing). In the article the group of authors is not named for the first time, they are grouped by the use of “et” after the main author.

To conclude, although all the sources appear in the reference list, Iida (2010) does not completely follow the rules of APA style of quoting and making a reference in this article.

References

American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association(6th ed.). Washington, DC.  

 Iida, A. (2010).  Developing Voice by Composing Haiku: A Social-Expressivist Approach for Teaching Haiku Writing in EFL Contexts. English Teaching Forum, Nbr. 1. DOI: EJ914886

Purdue OWL (2013). In-text citations: the basics, Short Quotations. Retrieved October 2013, from https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/02/

University of Suthern Quensland (n.d) APA Referecing guide  Retrieved October 2013, from  http://www.usq.edu.au/library/referencing/apa-referencing-guide#How_to_cite_references_within_the_text_of_an_assignment